Garam Masala

The dry fruits are known as coriander or coriandi seeds. In India they are called dhania. The word coriander in food preparation may refer solely to these seeds (as a spice), rather than to the plant itself. The seeds have a lemony citrus flavour when crushed, due to terpenes linalool and pinene. It is described as warm, nutty, spicy, and orange-flavored. The variety vulgare or macrocarpum has a fruit diameter of 3–5 mm while var. microcarpum fruits have a diameter of 1.5–3 mm. Large fruited types are grown mainly by tropical and subtropical countries, e.g. Morocco, India and Australia and contain a low volatile oil content (0.1-0.4%). They are used extensively for grinding and blending purposes in the spice trade. Types with smaller fruit are produced in temperate regions and usually have a volatile oil content of around 0.4-1.8%, and are therefore highly valued as a raw material for the preparation of essential oil. It is commonly found both as whole dried seeds and in ground form. Seeds can be roasted or heated on a dry pan briefly before grinding to enhance and alter the aroma. Ground coriander seed loses flavor quickly in storage and is best ground fresh.

Amchoor is a fruity spice with a tart, astringent, but not unpleasant flavor. It lends an acidic brightness to the foods it is applied to. Amchoor is a predominant flavoring agent in north Indian cookery, where it is used to flavor samosa and pakora fillings, stews and soups, and fruit salads and pastries. It is added to marinades for meat and poultry as an enzymatic tenderizer, and lends its sourness to chutneys and pickles. Chat masala, a tart Indian spice blend used to season fruit salads and juices, salads, and a variety of snacks, contains amchoor as a predominant ingredient. To make amchoor, early-season mangos are harvested while still green and unripe. Most commonly, they are harvested from uncultivated trees growing in the wild or collected from the ground, rather than removed from the agriculturally supervised plantings of mangoes that are grown for export.